SDRs were spending the first half of every day on prospect research — web, LinkedIn, public filings, prior touches in CRM — before they could write a single email.
Research quality was entirely tenure-dependent. Experienced reps knew which signals predicted a reply; new reps copied company boilerplate into a template and wondered why nothing landed.
Prior touches were the worst failure. Reps regularly cold-emailed accounts a colleague had worked six months earlier, because checking meant three clicks nobody made under quota pressure.
The team had trialled a data-enrichment vendor. It returned firmographics — headcount, funding, industry — which answered 'who are they' but never 'why now', which is the sentence that gets a reply.